These models never admit the existence of non-binary / gender-fluid / agender people, are usually predicated in discredited never-evidenced dogma-models, and nearly always have eugenic applications. It’s pretty much the same group of people citing each other, and never addressing the criticisms of their methods or models except to say “look at the numbers!”.

There’s only so much of this that you can attribute to ignorance. Selective literature reviews, scientific bigotry, etc. are not ethical.