Napoleon’s armies packed up and left the Mahrousa in 1801 after the failure of their famous campaign in Egypt and left behind a seething country. The Mamluks were divided into rival alliances for power, some with external support from the British and some from the troubled Egyptian interior. Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Masud ibn Ibrahim Agha Quli al-Albanian, Ottoman governor of Egypt, founder of the Alawite dynasty and ruler of Egypt between 1805 and 1848. Mohammed Ali Basha Born in 1769 in Kola For a Muslim family, Macedonia (Greece), At the age of ten, he worked with his father in the tobacco trade and ship charter, and succeeded his father as head of irregular soldiers. He came to Egypt in 1799 as part of an Ottoman military division to work to drive the French out of Egypt, but the Ottoman forces were defeated at the site of “The naval battle of Abu Qir”, and then he returned to his country. He came again to Egypt in 1801 as part of the army of Captain Hussein, who came to help the British evacuate the French from Egypt, The deputy commander of the Albanian battalion. After the evacuation of the French campaign, he was promoted to the rank of Major General, and then nominated for the post of Chief of the General Command and Commander of the Palaces Guard to the Governor-General. On July 9, 1805, the Ottoman Sultan agreed to the request of the scholars, appointed Muhammad Ali as governor of Egypt and deposed Khurshid Pasha.