Bit tricky to find info aside from:

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Ultra-Orthodox group is now being drafted^[1] , article below is from 2018.

Hence, compulsory military enlistment in Israel is but an old myth. In reality, 35% of the Israeli population carries the burden, while the remaining 65% find ways to avoid military service without having to suffer any consequences.

According to the 1949 Israeli Security Service Law, conscription to military service is compulsory for all Israelis who turn 18. Only two groups are exempt from mandatory military service: the ultra-Orthodox and Arab Israelis. Together these groups constitute over 30% of the Israeli population and, as their birth rate is significantly higher than other groups within Israel, they are set to constitute a whopping 60% of the Israeli population by 2050. The implications of these groups’ continued absence from Israeli military conscription cannot be ignored.^[2]

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When Israeli students finish high school, most must serve two or three years in the country’s defence forces.

Mayroz said that, while Arab citizens and some others are exempt from completing the service, the majority of young people are required to do their time.^[3]

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1. [1] Reporting by Christian Lowe; Editing by Angus MacSwan | July 12, 2024 | https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-security-cabinet-extends-military-service-report-2024-07-12/ ↩︎

2. [2] AVI JAGER | OCTOBER 18, 2018 | https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/The-myth-of-compulsory-military-service-in-Israel-569779 ↩︎

3. [3] Aleisha Orr | 17 October 2023 | https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/military-conscription-is-mandatory-for-most-israelis-heres-how-it-works/9x0j9xhw5 ↩︎